Method of heating coke-ovens.



H. L. DOHERTY.

METHOD OF HEATING COKE OVENS. APPLICATION FILED JAN. 17, 1911. RENEW-ED FEB. 18,1915.

Patented A11 17, 1915.

2 SHEETSSHEET 1.

H. L. DOHERTY.

METHOD OF HEATING COKE OVENS. APPLICATION FILED JAN-1?,l9ll- RENEWED FEB. 18, 191 5. 1,150,840. Patented Aug. 17,1915.

. 2 SHEETS-SHEET 2.

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Hen rs L. Doherty,

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1 To all whom it may concern:

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

HENRY L. IDOHERTY, OF NEW YORK, N'..Y.

' METHOD OF HEATING COKE-OVENS.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented Aug. 17, 1915.

:Application filed January 17, 1911, Serial No. 603,090. Renewed l'ebruarly 1a, 1915-. Serial No. 9,182.

Be it known that I, HENRY L. DoHEnTir, a

citizen of the United States, and aresident of New York city, in the county of New York and State of New York, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in means of producer gas generated in a gas producer functionally connected With, the coke oven.

The object of my invention is to furnish an improvement in the art of heating coke ovens and the like wherebythe Whole .of the gas generated in the carbonization of the coal-may be saved and an inferior grade of coal used in heating the oven, and also the maximum recuperation of heat, uniformity and efficiency of heating secured.

To this end my invention consists in heating the oven byproducer gas generated in agas producer appurtenant to the oven, the

combustion flues being arranged in parallel,

.into the fuel'bed with the air current, and,

in the case of the combustion fiues of the oven, a current of producer gas is induced into each flue and burned therein by the air. In the accompanying drawings I have shown a form of apparatus suitable for ap plying my invention.

v Figure 1 is a vertical longitudinal section through the apparatus on the line E, E E

E E Ei, E, E of Fig. 2 through the gas producer, the producer gas and air recuperators and the combustion fiues of one side of the oven setting. Fig. 2 is a vertical cross- .section of the same half of the oven settingon the line A, A A", A A, A, A, A of Fig. 1. Fig. 3 is a cross-section of the other half of the oven setting on the line A, B, B,

B of Fig. 1. Fig. 4 is a vertical cross-section of the air recuperator on the same side :on and suitable kindling above this.

of the oven setting as the section of Fig. 3 (but lookin in the opposite direction) on the line C, C C of Fig. 1. Fig. 5 is a vertical cross-section of the same'sideof the oven setting as that of Fig. 2 (but looking. in the opposite direction) on the line D, D

- D D of Fig. l. 1 Fig 6 is a horizontal crosssection of one side of the setting on the line E, F of Fig. 1. Fig. 7 is a similar se'ction'of the other half of the setting on the line G, H of Fig. 1.

l, is the carbonizing chamber or coke-oven proper. 2 the gas producer, 3 the producer gas recuperator, 4 is the air recuperator, 5' 5 5 5t, 5 5", the combustion fiues of one side of theoven setting-6 ,6 6 6*, 6, 6, the combustion flues of the other side of the setting. 7 is the air blower.

The method of operation is as'follows: A

comparatively deep layer of asheshaving been laid on the grate, fuel is charged there The blower 7 is now started, air passing through the air pipe 8 to the air inlet-passages 9, 9

in the front Wall of the 'recuperator 4. Thence it enters the flues 1-0, 10, from whence'it is distributed to the vertical fiues 11, 11 of the respective air recuperators 4, 4' On start.-v ing operations the dampers 12,12 are closed, which may be done by inserting a suitable rod through 'the hand-holes 13, 13'. i

The air recuperators 4 and 4 are constructed as follows: The horizontal fiues 14 nated a, b, c, d'and e-each group comprising'two separate fiueswhich are in .communication through the spaces 36, 37, 38, 39

and 40 in such a manner that they form a return-bend flue.

The open passages 41, 41 extending lon gitudinally of the-recuperators'permit the air toenter the-flue}; 15,15. From if, 15" the air divides into two currents in each case, one passing to the producer, through the ducts 16, 16, while the main current passes through the port 42, into the riser flue-43, from which it" passes through the passages 44, to the air nozzles 19. At this s'tage'of operations, the dampers 18, 18' on the air passages leading to the nozzles 19,19

are'closed so that no air passes to the combustion lines. The hindlingiis now ignited, the fuel charging chute being closed. The flame passes downward, igniting the or fuel in the bed, the combustion gases fines and 2'? of the producer gas recuperators and 3, respectively. Ascending through the lines 27 the gas passes around the horizontal lines 28, 28 into the collecting-fine 45. From the gases pass through the port to, into the gas riser-flue l7, thence through the flue d8 to the flue .tion

downcomer-flue 49. From" 49 it passes through the ports 50 50 50, 50, 50 and 50 to the several combustion lines 5 5 5 etc. The gas entering the ports 21, on the other side of the oven setting, passes through the fines of this side, which correspond with the passages described abore, to the combustion lines 6, 6 6 etc,

I At first the gases leai-ing the producer are composed principally of products of (.0111- pl'ete combustion. As the coal becomes ig nited however, and combustion penetrates through the fuel bed the character of the gas changes and. it gradually assumes the composition of ordinary producer gas. hen the gas has become sufficiently rich to burn freel the hand-holes 5'1 ivin access ya lo a:

to the combustion fiucs 5 5 etc, and nozzles 19. are opened in turn, and the flowing from the ports 50, 50", 50 50, 50 and 502 ignited by the insertion of a torch or any suitable means. After the gas has been ignited at each port, the damper 18 on the air nozzle 19 cooperating with that port is opened and the combustion, which is initially.

supported by the air entering through the hand-hole is now sustained by the air entering through the nozzle. The combustion gases sweep tl'irough. the lines 5, 5 5, 5", etc, and thence pass downward through the passage 52 which is left at the end of the combustion flue space of the oven by stopping the partitions .53, 515', can, short of the front wall, 54, of the oven setting. As shown, these partitions are of unequal length, the length decreasing in the case of each partition from the upper to the lower one. There is thus provided, in effect, a of stepped. cra -scction, the cross-scc increasing in proportion to the volume of gases flowing through the line. The combustion gases pass through into the hori zontal flue 55. From 55} the gases pass in three streams. The first passes through the port 56, thence down through the duct 57 to the induction chamber of the injector 1?. A damper, 67, regulates the con'iliustion gas passing to the duct 5?. This first stream mixes With the air from the duct 16 and the commingled current passes through the injector into the producer chamber 2 and thence through the fuel bed. -The CO of this portion of the flue gas is reduced by the glowing fuel by the reaction, OO +C= 200. This is an endothermic reaction, taking up. heat from the fuel bed and so keeping down its temperature. The second stream of the combustion gases from 55, passes into the passage 58, and thence through the lines 28, 2S and connecting passage 59 of the producer-gas recuperator 8 into the fine (50 and thence to the connecting passage 35) of the air recuperator l. A damper, 61, on 58 serves to regulate the flow of combustion gases to the producer gas recupcrator. The third stream of combustion gases passes through the length of 55 and thence into the passage 36 from which it flows through the fiues H to the returnbend space 37, forward through 14", through 38 and thence back through 14 into 39. Here, as already stated, it mingles with the combustion gases from 3 and the united current passes through 14. to 40 and thence back through ll and (52 to the main smoke flue, 03. A damper, (3 f, regulates the flow of the flue gases through 62. By the proper manipulation of damper (A in conjunction with dampers (51 and (35 any desired distribution of the flue between the producer gas an air rccupcrators may be secured. After the fuel bed has been thoroughly ignited and the bed has been drawn down by the removal of part of the ash on the grate, the damper l2 is slightly opened. A small portion of the air entering the passage 10 now passes through the duct (56 to the ash-pit of the producer chamber 2, thence up through the ash on the grate, taking up heat from the lower layers and burning any residual rarbon that has passed unconsumcd into the ash bed. By this device the grate is protected against any injuriously high tcmpcratru'c, and the heat carried out of the fuel bed in the ash is recupcratcd.

When normal operating conditions have been established, air from blower 7 is pass ing to the rccupcrators 4: and l. A small portion. of this air passes to the ash pit and upward through the lower part of the fuel bod therein, the major portion passing through the rocuporator, in which it is heated. by the hot products of combustion passing through the lines ll, then dividing, in the case of each rccupcrator, into two streams, one, the primary current, going to the producer, the other, the secondary cur.

rent, going to the combustion fines of the oven. The gas from the producer 2 passes through the producer recuperators 3, 3, Where its temperature is raised by the hot products of combustion passing through the 55 nets of said combustion to. heat fresh 5 The hot combustion gases, after passing through the'jfcombustion fines and yielding up part of their heat tothe charge in. vthe oven 1, divide 'into three streams-one going to the producer, one to the producer gas reouperator and one to the air recuperator. It is to'be noted that the three streams are withdrawn from the combustion fiues and introduced into the three parts of thespparatus at the maximum permissible temtemperature of the, products; of combustion discharging from the combustion fines.

Having described my, invention, what I claim .is:. v

1. The process of heating-which com- -prises,'passing a mixture of preheated air and combustion gases downwardly through a bed of ignited carbonaceous material to generate combustible gas, heating said combustible gas, burning the heated combusti- I ble gas with a second portion of preheated air, transferring heat from the gases resulting from said combustion to further portions of air and combustible gas to heat the same, and passing a regulated volume of air upwardly through the burned fuel in the lower part of the said fuel bed to suport the combustion-of residual carbonaous material in saidburnt fuel.

40 urQabove the ignited fuel bed of a gas producer-in such manner as to induct into and mingle wijh said heated air a second stream of combustion gases, passing. the said m1x-' ture of eated air and combustion gases downward intosaidfuel bed to generate combustible gas, heating said combustible gas by a third stream of hot combustion gases, adding thezsaid third stream of combustion gases to the said first stream, conducting 5 the heated combustible gas to'a combustion space, conducting a further portion of said heated air to said combustion space and burning said gas by said air in said space to generate heat, and using the gaseous prodnor tions of air and gas as above.

3. The roc'ess of heating which comprises heating an under pressure in a recuperator by a stream of combustion gases, discharging one portion of the heated air under pressure above the ignited fuel bed of gas producer in such manner as to induct into and mingle with said heated air a second stream of combustion gases, passing the said mix- 5 ture of heated air and combustion gases erature. This permits of the raising of 0th the producer gas and air to nearly the 2. The process of heating which comprises downward into said fuel bed to generate combustible gas, heating said combustible gas by a third stream of hot combustion gases, mingling the said third stream of combustion gases with the'said first stream at that level in said recuperator at which the two streams have approximately the same temperature, conducting the heated combustible gas to a combustion space, conducting a further portion of said heated air into said combustion space to generate-heat, and i using the gaseous products of said combustion to heat fresh portions of air and gas as above. i

4. The process of heating coke ovens and the like which comprises dividing thecurrent of combustion gases dischargingfrom the heating fiues-of said apparatus into three streams, passing one ofthese streams of-combustion gases through a recuperator to heat a current of air, dividing the soheated air current into, .two streams, dismanner as to induct into and mingle With said stream of heated air the second of said I gas, discharging the second of said streams "of heated air into the combustionfiues of said apparatus in such manner as to induct the heated combustible gas into said fiues, whereby the said combustiblegas is burned by the air of said second stream, conducting the said third stream of combustion gases after the same havepassed through said gas recuperatorto said air recuperator, and uniting the said third stream with said first streamjof combustion gases in said air recuper'ator at that level therein at which the charging one of said streams of'heated air through the nozzle of an inductor in such temperatures of the respective currents are approximately equal.

5. The process of heating coke ovens and the like which comprises, dividing the current of combustion gases, discharging from the heating flues of said apparatus into three streams, introducing a current of air under pressure greater than atmospheric pressure into an air recuperator, passing the first of saidstreams of combustion gases through said air recuperator to heat the said air, dividing the heatetl "r into two streams, conducting one of these air streams and the second of said streams of combustion gases into a gas producer above ithe ignited fuel bed thereof, passing the comingled air and combustion gases downwardly through the said ignited fuel to burn said fuel and to generate producer gas, Withdrawing the soformed producer gas from the lower part of said fuel bed but above the ash zone thereof, introducing a regulated volume of air into said gas producer 'below the ash zone thereof and passing said air upward into the said ash zone to burn residual carbon in the ashes in said zone, uniting the resulting gaseous streams, passing the united gaseous streams through a gas recuperator, passing the third of said streams of combustion gas through said gas'recuperator to raise the temperature of the said producer gas therein, conducting the heated producer gas to the combustion hues of said apparatus, conducting the second of said streams of heated air to said combustion lines, and discharging the said air thereinto in such manner as to induct the said producer gas into and mingle the same with said stream of heated air in said combustion fines, whereby the said producer gas is burned therein, conducting the said third stream of combustion gases after the said gases have passed through said gas recuperator to said air recuperator and uniting the said third stream with the said first stream of combustion gases at that level in said air recuperator at which the said streams have approxi mately the same temperature.

(3. The process of heating coke ovens and i the like which comprises, dividing the current of combustion gases discharging from the heating flues of said apparatus into three streams, introducing a current of air under a pressure greater than atmospheric pressure into an air recuperator, passing the first of said streams of combustion gases through said air recuperator to heat the said air, dividing the heated air into two streams, conducting one of these air streams and the second of said combustion streams into a gas producer above the bed of ignited fuel therein, passing the commingled air and combustion gases downward through the said ignited fuel to burn said fuel and to generate combustible gas, withdrawing the so-i'ormed producer gas from the lower part of said fuel bed but above the ash zone thereof, introducinga regulated volume of air into the lower part of the ash zone of said gas producer and passing said air upward into said ash zone to burn residual carbon of the ashes in said'zone, uniting the resulting streams of combustible gas, passing the said stream of combustible gas through a gas recuperator, passing the third 01 said streams of combustion gas through said gas recuperator to raise the temperature of the said producer gas therein, conducting the heated combustible gas to the combustion flues of said apparatus, conducting the second of saidstreams of heated air to said combustion fines, discharging the air of said second stream into combustion fines in a plurality of jets in such manner as to induct into said flues and mingle with said air the said combustible gas, whereby said combustib e gas is burned in said flues, conducting the said third stream of combustion gases, after 'said have passed through said gas recuperator-to said air recuperator an uniting the said third stream with the said first stream of combustion gases at that level in said air recuperator at which the said streams have approximately the same temperatin-e.

7 The process of heating coke ovens and like apparatus, which comprises, dividing the combustion gases discharging from the heating fiues of said apparatus into three streams, introducing a current of air under a pressure greater than atmospheric pressure into an air recuperator, passing-the first of said streams of combustion gases through said air recuperator to heat the said air, mixing one portion of the heated air with the second of said v streams of combustion gases, passing the resulting gaseous mixture through a bed of ignited fuel to' burn said fuel and to generate combustible gas, passing the so-generated combustible gas through a gas recuperator, passing the third of said streams of combustion gases through said gas recuperator to heat said combustible gas, conducting another portion of heated air to the combustion fines of said apparatus, discharging said heated air into said lines in a plurality of jets in such manne as to induct the said combustible gas into said llues and mingle the same with said air, whereby the said gas is burned in said fines, conducting the third of said streams of combustion gases, after the same have been utilized in heating the said combustible gas to said air recuperator, and uniting the said first and'third streams of combustion gases at that level in said air recuperator at which the temperatures of the two streams are approximately equal.

8. The process of heating coke ovens or like apparatus which comprises, dividing the combustion gases discharging from the combustion fines of said apparatus into three streams, passing air under pressure through an air recuperator, passing one of said streams of combustion gases through said air recupcrator to heat said current of air, conducting a regulated portion of the so heated air to a gas producer, discharging the heated air into said gas producer 111 such manner as to induct thereinto the said second stream of combustion gases, the volume and pressure of the air so discharged being regulated to induct into said gas producer the quantityjof combustion gases required to give with said air a draft current so balanced with respect'to the exothermic action of the air and the endothermic action of said combustion gases that the temperature of the fuel bed in said gas producer will be maintained at a point below the clinkering temperature of the ash, passing the said draft current downward through the ignited fuel. bed of said gas producer to burnsaid fuel and to generate combustible gas, passing a current of air upward through the ash zone of said fuel bed to burn out any residual carbon therein, withdrawing the said combustible'gas and the gases resulting from the reaction of said second current of.

. air with said residualrcarbon from a level in said fuel bed just above the ash zone thereof, passing the combustible gas current through a gas recuperator, passing the third stream of said combustion gases through said gas recuperat-or to heat said combustible-gas, conducting the so-heated combustible gas to the combustion flues of said apparatus and burning the same therein by means of the remainder of said heated air.

9. The process of heating coke ovens or like apparatus, which comprises passing a mixed draft current of air and combustion gases in regulated proportions downward through a bed of ignited carbonaceous material to burn said material and to generate combustible gas, the relative proportions of ash of said carbonaceous material, passing a draft current of air upward into the ash zone of said fuel bed, to burn residual carbon in the ashes in said zone, withdrawing Y the combustible gases resulting from the contact of the saiddraft currents with the carbon of said fuel bed and accompanying incombustible gases from an intermediate bustion fines of said apparatus, conducting, air to said combustion lines, and burningsaid gas by said air in said fiues to heat said apparatusr I 10. The process of heating coke ovens and the like which comprises passing a mixed draft current of air and combustion gases downward into the ignited fuel bed of a gas producer, the depth of said fuel bed, the volume of said draft current and the time of contact of the said draft current therewith being so regulated that oxygen and carbon dioxid of said draft current react with the carbon of said fuel to form carbon monoxid, the relative proportions of air and combustion; gases in said draft current being so regulated with respect to the exothermic reaction of the oxygen and the endothermic reaction of the carbon dioxid with the carbon of said fuel bed that the temperature thereof will be maintained below the clinkering temperature of the ash of saidfuel, passing a draft current of air of limited volume upward into the ash zone of said fuel bed to burn residual carbon in the ash in said zone, withdrawing from said fuel bed at an intermediate level thereof the gases formed in said bed and unchanged gases introduced into said bed, conducting the gases withdrawn to the combustion flues of said apparatus, conducting air to said fiues and burning the combustible matter of said gas by said air to heat said apparatus.

Signed at New York city in the county of New York and State of New York this 16th" day of January A. D. 1911.

.HENRY L. DOHERTY.

l/ messes:

J. M. ,MCMILLIN, FRANK L. BLACKBURN. 

